2019年开始,支付行业进入大整治。
涉及黑灰产的支付通道,被一一封堵,业内人士称这是“最强清理”。
行业严打之后,一些黑灰产的钱,难以再通过原来的支付通道出去。
于是,一条名为“跑分”的产业链,在最近几个月全面兴起。
据业内人士称,这个产业链目前已有十万人参与,中间有三大参与方:用户、代理和跑分平台。
“跑分链条起码已经给黑灰产和洗钱提供了上百亿的资金。”这条新的支付链条正在慢慢成长壮大,一条支付暗道已经形成
1.跑分兴起
“跑分”这个词,源于电脑或者手机的性能检测。
比如,测试者会在两部手机上安装跑分软件,哪部手机跑的分高,这部手机的性能就更好。

但支付领域的跑分,却有新的含义。
2019年,支付监管收紧,央行发布85号文,外界称支付“最强监管”出台。
这个文件明确指出,支付行业不得直接或变相为赌博、色情、非法外汇、贵金属、虚拟币等非法交易提供服务。
“除了个别小的支付机构还敢顶风作案,黑灰产的支付链条基本断了。”业内人士称。
而依附这些支付通道活着的大量黑灰产,资金通道被瞬间斩断。
“特别是赌博行业,一些大的赌博网站,每月的现金流都是50多亿。”业内人士表示,保守估计,起码有数百亿的黑灰现金流“断流”。
行业将这次大整治称为“抽刀断水”,殊不知,抽刀断水水更流。
跑分开始全面兴起。
跑分产业链是怎么运转的?
过去,赌博平台的支付方式,就是通过支付通道,把钱直接划到对方的账上。
就像是地铁,直接把一车的乘客拉到目的地。
但现在地铁停了,乘客只能一个个打车过去。
而跑分产业,就是这一个个的资金“打车”系统。
假设一个用户要往一个赌博网站充值10万元,过去,他直接通过支付平台就打过去了,现在要跑分,就麻烦很多。
他可能会找10个人的支付宝或者微信二维码,一个支付1万,10次支付10万。
这10万,会汇聚到各种跑分平台上,最终再转给赌博平台。

2.二维码
这个赌博用户扫描的10个支付二维码,都是怎么来的?
“都是去各种群找人要的,比如网赚、兼职群,网贷的老哥也是可以发展的对象。”业内人士称。
2019年下半年开始,在各大兼职、网赚、老哥群里,突然出现了“跑分”的广告。
广告语也很有煽动性,比如“只需提供支付宝二维码,坐地收钱”“一天稳赚1万”,等等。
跑分一度在网赚圈掀起了热潮。
QQ群搜索“跑分”等关键字,发现会出现60个以上的相关社群,每个社群平均有200人左右。

刚开始,人们对此是将信将疑的,甚至认为这是骗局。
因为他们要想玩跑分,得先往跑分平台交押金,比如跑分平台PPAY,就要求最低充值800元。
“你充值了多少,就能接多大的单子。”一位跑分代理称。
赌博用户如果扫描二维码支付了800元,跑分平台就会直接从押金里扣走800元,然后返还2%左右的佣金。
800元就是16元。
佣金积累到一定的程度,就可以提现。
一般来说,提供的支付通道不同,佣金的比例也不同,比如微信是1.8%,支付宝和银行卡是2%。
一位深度参与跑分的用户称:“刚开始我们都以为是啥新式骗局,后来身边越来越多的人通过这种方式获得了押金,大伙儿这才信了,参与的人越来越多。”
他最后甚至拿出了5万长期在跑分平台里滚,“多滚几次,一天赚上千都没问题”。
大量的用户将自己的个人账户,变成了“洗钱”和黑灰产的资金通道。
冯欣保守估计,现在参与跑分的用户就有10万人。
每个人哪怕每天只走1000元的帐,每天的流水也是1亿。
“最起码已经有上百亿资金,通过这些个人账户流出去。”业内人士估算。
这10万提供二维码的用户,获取了大概2%的佣金,也就是2亿元。
但是,这些用户不过是食物链的最低端。
3. 码商
为了捞出愿意贡献出二维码的人,一个庞大的跑分代理团队应运而生。
他们的自称不是“代理”,而是“码商”——收集二维码的人。
有码商透露,大部分码商最开始都是自己玩跑分,后来才发展下线开始干。
还有一部分人,是“从小支付机构、网站转型过来的”。
他们去各种群里发广告,在论坛发帖,四处寻找愿意提供二维码的人。
为了尽快拓展业务,他们还分出了多级代理,层层分润。
某跑分平台就表示:码商推荐好友注册,可拿三级流水,“0.5%+0.3%+0.1%”

“我发展了好几个下线,每天跑几万的单,一天能赚几千元。”一位码商透露,这比上班的工资高多了。
业内人士预估,全国至少有2万码商,这些人和二维码用户本身的界限不太明显,“通常是你中有我,我中有你”。
4. 跑分平台
二维码用户和码商,提供了大量的跑分账号,而跑分平台,才是这个环节中最重要的角色。
目前,市面上大概有几百个跑分平台,有知名度的不多,大都是零零散散的小平台。
眼下比较有名气的平台有十来家,比如PPAY、天马、鼎泰跑分等。
通常来说,大平台的用户注册数,会达到数万人。
跑分平台,实际上是类似滴滴一样的撮合平台。
平台接到一个赌博用户往赌博网站充值1万的订单后,会马上在网站上发布订单,让二维码用户抢单。
等钱打到赌博网站后,他们再给二维码用户支付佣金。
目前,跑分平台都支持多种二维码。
比如,在PPAY跑分平台,一共设了四个跑分方式:微信、支付宝、银行卡以及还未正式上线的云闪付。

和其他网站的运营高峰时间不同,深夜才是跑分平台最热闹的时刻。
“大部分赌徒都是晚上出动,在晚上,他们的充值需求更旺盛。”冯欣称。
为此,很多平台在夜间搞了红包和加成的活动,比如对在凌晨2点到早晨7点接单的用户,30单后,PPAY会额外再给100元奖金。
跑分平台无疑位于这条食物链的最顶端。
“一般来说,跑分平台可以拿5%到10%的佣金,可谓超级暴利。”业内人士称。
曾经有一个知名跑分平台,一个月走了上亿资金,“佣金都拿了上千万”。
因为正常的支付通道被堵,赌博等黑灰产对跑分平台的依赖性变得极强,愿意支付高额佣金。
比如说,一家名为“大资本”的赌博游戏,就在通过跑分的方式入金。
而搭建一个跑分平台的门槛很低。
某跑分系统经销商介绍,一个跑分系统卖3万元,他们还管后期维护。
这套系统也并不复杂,只需要几个简单的功能:派单、结算、提现。
搭建起来也很快,“正常需要7天左右,最快3、4天就能完成”。
后期的维护也很简单,“有一个运营人员,就可以上线”。
“做跑分平台,一度成为最吸金的生意,我身边很多朋友都参与过。”业内人士称,他们通常将服务器放在国外,人也在国外,打一枪换一个地方。
5. 陷阱重重
看起来这条产业链严丝合缝,但中间陷阱密布。
跑分平台跑路,在这个行业不算新鲜事。
“前前后后,起码有三分之一的平台跑路。”业内人士称,90%的跑分平台都不靠谱。
跑分平台跑路的诱惑,确实很大,它们一般可以卷走两笔钱:赌博用户充进来的钱、二维码用户的押金。
“一个跑分平台每天就是几百万上千万的流水,谁看了都心痒痒。”而且这些平台都在国外,“很难追踪”。
一位码商在跑分平台充的6500元保证金,就被平台卷走了,“事后上级和平台客服都把我拉黑了”。
尽管被骗,很多码商还是选择忍气吞声。
“他们也知道洗钱违法,不敢报警。”业内人士表示,跑分平台就抓住了他们这个心理,跑路肆无忌惮。
而提供二维码的用户,也经常被封号。
3月8日,就有一位用户表示,自己的微信账户因为跑分被永久冻结了。
“现在,支付宝、微信风控比较严,云闪付相对松一点。”,很多情况都会导致被封号。
比如,用新的支付账号、频繁异地交易、在手机上频繁切换账号登录,等等。
目前,在QQ群搜索“跑分”等关键字,会发现绝大部分群已经被封。
跑分产业链正在逐渐壮大。
如果这条链条被切断,黑灰产资金就无法流动了吗?
业内人士似乎并不担心,“这些人总能找到漏洞,下一个漏洞,可能就在拼多多身上。”
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